Explanation: This book is an invitation, especially for the recent generations facing major challenges to the miracle of life on our planet: biodiversity loss. The almost overwhelming biodiversity of benthic dinoflagellates is the main relevance or significance for society. Even though some species can be implicated in harmful impacts on humans and marine environments, the events remind us of the links between human health and the sear and our obligation to preserve the marine environments. This book is a fundamental contribution to improving the monitoring of benthic dinoflagellates worldwide. Intro: This publication is an updated summary of the taxonomy of currently described taxa and includes morphological and molecular genetic information for species identification. It contains the most comprehensive review of benthic dinoflagellate toxins published so far. The book also describes study methods, discusses phylogenetics and evolution, highlights their scientific relevance, and the health and economic impacts of benthic dinoflagellates on society.